USPTO Chem_Reaction presents a comprehensive database of chemical reactions compiled from text-mined United States patents issued from 1976 through September 2016. This database is a treasure trove for chemists and data scientists alike, allowing the exploration of chemical reaction data in the detailed Chemical Markup Language (CML) format with the help of BioBricks.

Setting Up BioBricks First off, get BioBricks up and running:

bash 
pip install biobricks
biobricks configure # follow the prompts

For more information, refer to the BioBricks documentation.

Installing the Chem_Reaction Asset Proceed by installing the Chem_Reaction asset:

bash 
biobricks install Chem_Reaction
The Chem_Reaction asset distributes parquet files matching the schema for the CML in USPTO Chem_Reaction website.

Delving into the Data Dive into the dataset with the following Python snippet:

python 
import biobricks as bb
import pyspark
Chem_Reaction = bb.assets('Chem_Reaction')
spark = pyspark.sql.SparkSession.builder.getOrCreate()

#                                      ReactionSmiles     PatentNumber ParagraphNum  Year TextMinedYield CalculatedYield
# 0  [C:1]([C:5]1[CH:10]=[CH:9][C:8]([OH:11])=[CH:7...  US20010000035A1         0007  2001           None            None
# 1  [Cl-].[Al+3].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl:5][CH2:6][CH2:7][...  US20010000038A1         0256  2001            86%           86.9%
# 2  [Al+3].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl:5][CH2:6][CH2:7][...  US20010000038A1         0259  2001            95%            None

Chem_Reaction
The Number of Unique Chemical Reaction Patents Per Year in USPTO.

Unveiling the Diversity of Chemicals An intriguing aspect of this dataset is the sheer number of distinct chemical species involved in these reactions. Our analysis revealed:

Unique Reactants: 1,216,929 Unique Reagents: 3,520 Unique Products: 1,110,018 These numbers reflect the incredible diversity and complexity of chemical reactions documented in US patents. Additionally, visual representations of these reactions can provide a more intuitive understanding of the chemical processes involved. For instance, consider the following reaction visualization:

Chem_Reaction
An Example of A Chemical Reaction Visualization
This image showcases the transformation of reactants (on the left) into products (on the right), illustrating the intricate details of a chemical reaction at a molecular level.

Additionally, to shed light on the physicochemical properties of the reactants and products involved in these reactions, we have utilized RDKit to calculate molecular weights (MW), partition coefficients (LogP), and the number of rotatable bonds, which are vital descriptors in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology.

python 
reaction_smiles = df['ReactionSmiles'].iloc[1]
reactant_props, product_props = process_reaction_smiles(reaction_smiles)
print("Reactant Properties (MW, LogP, Rotatable Bonds):", reactant_props)
# Reactant Properties (MW, LogP, Rotatable Bonds): [(138.99, 0.764, 2), (114.55, 0.185, 0), (64.04, 0.257, 2)]
print("Product Properties (MW, LogP, Rotatable Bonds):", product_props)
# Product Properties (MW, LogP, Rotatable Bonds): [(217.08, 0.748, 4)]

By examining the atom counts before and after the reaction, we can also infer the type of chemical reaction. In this case, the reaction is identified as an Elimination Reaction, where the number of atoms in the reactants is greater than in the products, indicating the loss of atoms or groups in the reaction. The integration of chemical informatics tools like RDKit in our analysis pipeline not only enhances our understanding of chemical data but also streamlines the process of chemical research, from reaction classification to property prediction and beyond.